{"id":100574,"date":"2023-09-10T03:32:25","date_gmt":"2023-09-10T03:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/?p=100574"},"modified":"2023-09-10T03:37:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-10T03:37:51","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9%d8%b8-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/?p=100574","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629.. “\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 | \u0642\u0637\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1188\u0647\u0640\/1774\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0626 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0640\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f “\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0644 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 : \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :-<\/span><\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 :<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1135 \u0647\u0640\/ 1722\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0632 (1085 – 1129 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1674 \u2013 1716 \u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1105 – 1175 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1693 \u2013 1761\u0645 )\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f 1142 \u0647\u0640\/ 1729 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1212 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1797\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1219 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1804\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0640\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 :<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064a)\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1188\u0647\u0640 \/ 1774\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

3-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646 :<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 – \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062f\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 (1150 \u2013 1224\u0647\u0640 \/ 1737 \u2013 1809\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0651 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n

4-\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u062c\u0649 (\u062d\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 : \u062a 1192\u0647\u0640\/ 1778\u0645) <\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0634\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1192\u0647\u0640 \/ 1778\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

5-\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u064a :<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1163\u0647\u0640 \/ 1749\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1200\u0647\u0640\/ 1785\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

6-\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a: 1202\u0647\u0640 \/ 1787\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0650\u062a\u0642\u0652\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u0623\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1188\u0647\u0640 \/ 1774\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u060c\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0630 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 .<\/span><\/p>\n

7-\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1216\u0647\u0640 \/ 1801\u0645 .<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 1146\u0647\u0640 \/ 1733\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

8-\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f 1224\u0647\u0640\/ 1809\u0645)<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u062a 1202 \u0647\u0640\/ 1787\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\n\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u062a: 1202 \u0647\u0640 \/1787\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 16 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1201\u0647\u0640 \/ 2 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u06481787\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

9-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639: \u062a 1285\u0647\u0640 \/ 1869\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1194\u0647\u0640\/ 1780\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1285\u0647\u0640 \/ 1869\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

10-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0649: \u062a 1211\u0647\u0640 \/ 1796\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1189\u0647\u0640 \/ 1775 \u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1211 \u0647\u0640\/ 1796\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 1202\u0647\u0640 \/ 1797\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

11-\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a (1161- 1221\u0647\u0640\/ 1748-1806\u0645) <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1130- 1140 \u0647\u0640 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 1178 – 1180\u0647\u0640\/ 1764- 1766\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1190\u0647\u0640\/ 1776\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 1210 \u0623\u0648 1211\u0647\u0640 \/ 1795 \u0623\u0648 1796\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a) \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

12-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a : \u062a 1221\u0647\u0640\/ 1806\u0645<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631<\/span>
\n\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0646\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1221\u0647\u0640\/ 1806\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

13-\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a : \u062a 1223\u0647\u0640\/1808\u0645 <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

14- \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 :<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 .<\/span><\/p>\n

15-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0649: \u062a 1223 \u0647\u0640\/ 1808\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 .<\/span><\/p>\n

16-\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 : \u062a 1222\u0647\u0640 \/ 1807\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 .<\/span><\/p>\n

17-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 : \u062a 1170-1226\u0647\u0640 \/ 1756 \u20131811\u0645 <\/span>
\n\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1189 – 1193\u0647\u0640\/1775-1779\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649 .<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1221\u0647\u0640\/1806\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645 .<\/span><\/p>\n

18-\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (1180-1242\u0647\u0640\/ 1766-1826\u0645) .<\/span>
\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a 1246\u0647\u0640\/ 1830\u0645<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1160 \u0647\u0640 1747 \u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1212\u0647\u0640\/ 1797\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

19-\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645 :<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

20- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (1270 -1272\u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0640\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1190\u0647\u0640 \/1776\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1211 \u0647\u0640\/1796\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 .<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1317 \u0647\u0640\/ 1802\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f ) \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1217\u0647\u0640 \/\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1802\u0645 . <\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0628 <\/span>
\n\u0644\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0628<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0645<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span>
\n\u0646\u0623\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0633\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1211 \u0647\u0640\/ 1796\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 21\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0649) \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1225\u0647\u0640\/ 1810\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u06291271 \u0647\u0640\/ 1854\u0645 .<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1259 \u0647\u0640\/ 1843\u0645 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0650\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 :<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b : <\/span>
\n– \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c ” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 ( 2005\u0645 ).<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ) : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 ( 2008\u0645 ).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b : <\/span>
\n1- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ): <\/span>
\n\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 150 \u20131931\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (2006\u0645).<\/span>
\n2- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ): <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629… \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 325 \u0642.\u0645 \u20131931\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (2008\u0645).<\/span>
\n3- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ): \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c (2008\u0645).<\/span>
\n4- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c (18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2009\u0645).<\/span>
\n5- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a..\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c ( \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 )\u060c (2009\u0645). <\/span>
\n6- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ): <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c(2009\u0645).<\/span>
\n7- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (1\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u06472010\u0645).<\/span>
\n8- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (1\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2010\u0645).<\/span>
\n9- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010\u0645).<\/span>
\n10- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (2011\u0645).<\/span>
\n11- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (2011\u0645).<\/span>
\n*12- .M. Ramadan :<\/span>
\nKatara, Doha, (2011)<\/span>
\n13- M. Ramadan :Castles & Fortresses in Qatar, Doha,(2012) <\/span>
\n14- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 ):<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a1869-1914\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646: \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0631\u0623\u0641\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u062f\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0632\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u062c\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 – \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c(25 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u0645).<\/span>
\n16- \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647: <\/span>
\n– ( \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645(7) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2002\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 – \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18\/07\/2010\u0645 – \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 : 701 \/ \u062d \u0645 \u062d \u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\nhttps:\/\/kenanaonline.com\/users\/katara\/<\/span>
\nposts\/228016<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647:<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 : 700\/\u062d \u0645 \u062d \u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639: 725\/\u062d \u0645 \u062d \u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641: 726\/ \u062d \u0645 \u062d \u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 12 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c ” \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 ( \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629) .\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:-<\/span>
\n– http:\/\/kenanaonline.com\/users\/katara\/posts<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.abou-alhool.com\/arabic1\/details.php?id=54463<\/span><\/p>\n

====<\/span>
\n* ( \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f)<\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 -\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0631)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 | \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1188\u0647\u0640\/1774\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":100583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[8030],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100574"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100574"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100584,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100574\/revisions\/100584"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/100583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=100574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}