{"id":101422,"date":"2023-10-12T03:29:41","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T03:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/?p=101422"},"modified":"2023-10-12T03:29:41","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T03:29:41","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/?p=101422","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: 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\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b . <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a . \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 : \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a (\u0622\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a) Arend Lijphart \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645: (\u0623\ufee7\ufee4\ufe8e\u0637 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufef3\ufee4\ufed8\ufeae\u0627\ufec3\ufef4\ufe94\u202c) Patterns of Democracy \ufe97\ufeae\ufe9f\ufee4\ufe94 \ufee3\ufea4\ufee4\ufeaa \ufecb\ufe9c\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufea7\ufee0\ufef4\ufed4\ufe94\u202c .\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: (\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627). \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e (\u0622\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a (Arend Lijphart \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062e Gerhard Lembruch \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629.) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\ufeb3\u0640\ufe98\ufea8\ufeaa\u0645 \ufe9f\u0640\ufc91\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufefb\ufee3\u0640\ufc6a\u0648\u062e Gerhard. Lehmbruch. \ufc32 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \ufecb\ufe92\u0640\ufe8e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufcdd\ufed8\ufeae\u0627\ufec3\ufef4\u0640\u0640\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufeb4\u0640\ufe92\ufef4\ufe94. (proporz demokratie) \ufc12 \ufecb\ufe92\ufe8e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeee\u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef4\u0640\ufe94 (Consensus democracy) \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062e Gerhard Lembruch \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0643\u062a (Ruth Benedict (1887 \u0640 1948)\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0644 Frances Jane Hassler Hill\u060c (27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1939- 2 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2018)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 Clifford James Geertz(1936 \u0640 2006) \u0645 \u0647\u0648 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