{"id":47290,"date":"2021-04-25T11:47:55","date_gmt":"2021-04-25T11:47:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.worldofculture2020.com\/?p=47290"},"modified":"2021-04-25T12:16:09","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T12:16:09","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/?p=47290","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 | \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646<strong>orator Cicero<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 <strong>benevolence<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 <strong>(Emmons, McCullough, Tsang, 2003)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0643\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 <strong>Moral trait<\/strong> \u0643\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>(Emmons &amp;Crumpler, 2000)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 <strong>(McCullough, Emmons, &amp; Tsang, 2002)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<strong>(Algoe&amp;Haidt, 2009)<\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 <strong>well-being<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644 <strong>(Watkins, Woodward, Stone, &amp;Kolts, 2003)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646<strong>Gratitude<\/strong> \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u00a0 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645&#8221; <strong>(the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2005)<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 <strong>moral virtue<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a <strong>Psychological attitude<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 <strong>Emotion<\/strong> \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 <strong>Positive affect<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <strong>Humanistic habit<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 <strong>personality trait<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 <strong>coping response(Graham &amp;Fincham, 2009)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f<\/strong> \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d <strong>(Emmons &amp;Crumpler, 2000)<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0643: \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627&#8221; <strong>\u00a0(Emmons &amp;Crumpler, 2000)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/strong><strong>(Chipperfield, Perry &amp; Weiner, 2003)<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 <strong>Gratitude<\/strong> \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 <strong>Gratia\u2019<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630grace, graciousness, or gratefulness\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641<\/strong> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627&#8221; <strong>(Roberts, 2004)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649<\/strong>\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0632<strong>Robert Emmons<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647&#8221; <strong>(Emmons, 2004)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 <strong>state<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 <strong>dispositional characteristic or trait<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d<strong>(Park &amp; Peterson, 2006a: 894)<\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 <strong>(Snyder &amp; Lopez, 2007)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 <strong>dispositional perspective<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 <strong>gratitude intensity<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 <strong>gratitude frequency<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 <strong>gratitude span<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 <strong>gratitude density<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 <strong>(Wood, Maltby, Stewart &amp; Joseph, 2008b)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/strong>Sansone, 2010) (Sansone, &amp;\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 <strong>meaning<\/strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a&#8221; <strong>(Harvard Medical School, 2012)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d<\/strong>(Emmons &amp; Stern, 2013) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <em>cognitive-affective state<\/em> \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 <strong>Gratitude<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 <strong>appreciation<\/strong> \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a <strong>(Burton, 2014)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/strong><strong>(Fox et al., 2015)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/strong><strong>(Algoe, et al., 2016)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0646 <strong>benefactor<\/strong>) \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0627&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641 <strong>(Forster et al., 2017)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8221; <strong>Forster et al., 2017)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a: <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>optimal functioning<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 <strong>wellbeing<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 <strong>Satisfaction With Life<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064c\u0646\u0652\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a <strong>pro-social Behaviour<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a <strong>moral Behaviour<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 <strong>moral emotion<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a<strong> (McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons &amp; Larson, 2001)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong><strong>moral barometer<\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong><strong>moral motivator<\/strong>: \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong><strong>moral reinforcer<\/strong>: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u0648\u062f <strong>(Emmons &amp; Shelton, 2002)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646Gratitude Research: <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sansone, R., &amp;Sansone, L. (2010). GRATITUDE AND WELL BEING:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Benefits of Appreciation. Psychiatry, 7(11):18\u201322 .<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bartlett , M.Y., &amp;Desteno, D. (2005) Gratitude and prosocial behaviour: Helping when it costs you. Association For Psychological Science, 17(4), 319-325.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Emmons, R A. ; Shelton , C. M. (2002) Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. In: Handbook of positive psychology.\u00a0Snyder, C. R.; Lopez, Shane J.; New York , NY , US : Oxford University Press. 459-471.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Emmons, R A. &amp; McCullough, M.E. (2003) Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84 (2), 377-389<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Emmons, R A., McCullough, M E. , Tsang, J. ( 2003). The assessment of gratitude. In: Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures.\u00a0Lopez, Shane J.; Snyder, C. R.; Washington , DC , US : American Psychological Association, pp. 327-341.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lubomirsky, S. (2008) The How of Happiness. Sphere.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>McCullough, Michael E. , Kilpatrick , S.D. &amp; Emmons, R.A. (2001) Is gratitude a moral affect?Psychological Bulletin, 127(2). 249-266.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Snyder, C. R. &amp; Lopez, S J. (2007) Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Thousand Oaks , CA , US : Sage Publications, Inc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., &amp; Linley, P. A. (2007a). Gratitude: The parent of all virtues. The Psychologist, 20, 18\u201321.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Wood, A. M., Maltby, J. &amp; Stewart, N. (2008) A social-cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude. Emotion, 8 (2), 281-290.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Burton, N<\/strong>. (2014). The Psychology of Gratitude: Gratitude has many benefits, but is hard to cultivate.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Emmons, R. A., &amp; McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An empirical investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377-389.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Emmons, R. A., &amp; McCullough, M. E. (Eds.). (2004). The psychology of gratitude. New York: Oxford University Press.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., &amp; Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112-127.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., &amp; Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127,249-266.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., &amp;Kolts, R. D. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: The development of a measure of gratitude and its relationship with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 431-452.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><script>var 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\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 | \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u00a0 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646orator Cicero \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47290"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47290"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47296,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47290\/revisions\/47296"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldofculture2020.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}